SCCN : a time-effective hierarchical interconnection network for network-on-chip

The needed time to send and receive a message among two nodes in an interconnection network has a fundamental role in determining the performance of this network. Therefore, taking a short period of time to send a packet between a source and destination nodes indicates a good performance network with less congestion and latency. Besides, processing data in short-term help in providing fast solutions for many complex problems. Thus, various designs of hierarchical interconnection networks (HINs) for the massively parallel computer (MPC) systems have been presented recently; the main goal of these networks is to replace the conventional ones which showed poor performance in scaling the network size. A Shifted Completely Connected Network (SCCN) proposed as a new HIN topology. Several basic modules (BMs) interconnected hierarchically to create advanced levels networks based on this topology. The structural design and a proposed routing protocol of SCCN discussed in this paper. However, the foremost focus of this work is to evaluate the time cost-effectiveness factor (TCEF) of SCCN in different levels in order to examine the effect of expanding the size of the network on the TCEF. Therefore, the TCEF for the higher levels of SCCN from level (1) to level (3) will be assessed to examine whether SCCN is an effective network in term of time. In addition, the obtained results from each level will be compared to other networks to prove the preeminence of the proposed topology

Analysis of a robot selection problem using two newly developed hybrid MCDM models of TOPSIS‐ARAS and COPRAS‐ARAS

Traditional Multi‐Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods have now become outdated; therefore, most researchers are focusing on more robust hybrid MCDM models that combine two or more MCDM techniques to address decision‐making problems. The authors attempted to create two novel hybrid MCDM systems in this paper by integrating Additive Ratio ASsessment (ARAS) with Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Complex PRoportional ASsessment (COPRAS). To demonstrate the ability and effectiveness of these two hybrid models i.e., TOPSIS‐ARAS and COPRAS‐ARAS were applied to solve a real‐time robot selection problem with 12 alternative robots and five selection criteria, while evaluating the parametric importance using the CRiteria Importance Through Inter criteria Correlation (CRITIC) objective weighting estimation tool. The rankings of the robot alternatives gained from these two hybrid models were also compared to the obtained results from eight other solo MCDM tools. Although the rankings by the applied methods slightly differ from each other, the final outcomes from all of the adopted techniques are consistent enough to suggest that robot 12 is the best choice followed by robot 11, and robot 4 is the worst one among these 12 alternatives. Spearman Correlation Coefficient (SCC) also reveals that the proposed rankings derived from various methods have a strong ranking relationship with one another. Finally, sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate th

Вибір ідеального повітряного провідника на основі IoT для оптимізації продуктивності проекту малої гідроелектростанції

Вибір проекту малої гідроенергетики та його критеріїв для інвестування є критичним завданням, що включає різні аспекти та плани. Таке прийняття рішень також можна розглядати як питання багатокритеріального перегляду з кореляцією критеріїв та альтернатив. Ця роль повинна брати до уваги низку конкуруючих аспектів через зростаючу складність технічних і екологічних факторів. Багатокритеріальні підходи мають дедалі більше універсальних інструментів. Метою цієї статті є оцінка застосовності методу прийняття рішень за багатьма критеріями (MCDM) на основі значення індексу близькості (PIV) і комбінованого компромісного рішення (CoCoSo) під час планування та розробки проектів малої гідроенергетики. Застосування цього нового підходу PIV до організації проекту малої гідроелектростанції та сценарію розширення відсутні в літературі з відновлюваної енергетики через складність його оцінки.The selection of a suitable small hydropower project and its criteria for investment is a crucial task involving various aspects and plans. This decision-making can also be seen as a multi-criteria review issue with the correlation of criteria and alternatives. This role should take into account a number of competing aspects due to the growing complexities of social, economic, technical and environmental factors. Traditional decision-making methods cannot address the complexities of such systems. Multi-criteria approaches have more and more versatile tools. The goal of this paper is to assess the applicability of Multiple Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) based Proximity Index Value (PIV) and Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo) technique during the planning and development of small hydropower projects. The application of this PIV novel approach to a small hydropower project organization and expansion scenario is lacking in renewable energy literature due to the difficulty of its evaluation

Electrical conduction mechanism in multiferroic Gd doped GaFeO3

A detail analysis on the structural, morphological, dielectric, conductivity, ferroelectric, magnetic and electrical behaviour of Gd doped GaFeO3 prepared by mixed oxide method is presented. XRD analysis, by using Rietveld refinement method, validates that all the samples have single phase orthorhombic structure. Decrement in the grain size with rise in Gd content is found from FESEM analysis. The dispersive characteristic of dielectric constant is described by the Maxwell-Wagner model and Koop's theory. The value of εr is found to increase with Gd content. The modified Debye formula is used to fit εr with frequency data, which indicates the existence of more than one relaxation processes. The frequency dependant ac conductivity curve is found to obey Jonscher's power law and the conduction mechanism for all the samples is explained by of small polaron hopping (SPH) transport model. The modulus and impedance spectra confirms the presence of non- Debye type of relaxation. The presence of semicircular curves of complex impedance plot suggests the effect of grain boundary contribution to the conduction process for all the samples at low temperatures. The value of remanent polarization is found to fall with Gd content. From M-H loop, magnetisation at M (30kOe) is found to rise while non-saturation is found to decrease with Gd content and analysed on the basis of Law of Approach

A new static cost-effective parameter for interconnection networks of massively parallel computer systems

The increasing of the signaling technology motivated the research community to find alternative solutions to replace the sequential computing systems. These systems reached their limits, and it became an infeasible choice to manage the computational grand challenges. Thereby, many types of research have been conducted to improve a system with special characteristics able to cope with the new technology. Massively parallel computer (MPC) systems have been emerged to solve the complex computing challenges in parallel and concurrently. The performance of these systems is affected by the structure of the underlying interconnection network. Therefore, many designs of interconnection networks topologies have been presented looking for an optimal one. In this paper, we present the architecture of MMN which is a hierarchical interconnection network. The static and dynamic performance parameters of MMN have been evaluated in previous studies, and it provided good results compared to the conventional interconnection network topologies. This paper will focus on evaluating and determining the static cost-effective parameter of MMN which is the product of the relation between the node degree, network diameter, wiring complexity, and the total number of nodes in each network

Cost effectiveness analysis of a Vertical Midimew-connected Mesh Network (VMMN)

Previous study of vertical midimew-connected mesh network (VMMN) has been conducted to evaluate some of static network performance parameters of this network. These parameters include diameter, network degree, average distance, wiring complexity, cost, and arc connectivity. VMMN showed good results compared to some of conventional and hierarchical interconnection networks. However, there are some important static parameters that were not included in that study such as packing density, message traffic density, cost effectiveness factor, and time-cost effectiveness factor. In this paper, we will focus on evaluating VMMN to these parameters, and then we will compare the results to that from mesh, torus, TESH, and MMN networks

Compositional induced structural phase transitions in (1 − x)(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3–x(Ba0.5Sr0.5)TiO3 ferroelectric solid solutions

Abstract Ferroelectric materials exhibiting switchable and spontaneous polarization have strong potential to be utilized in various novel electronic devices. Solid solutions of different perovskite structures induce the coexistence of various phases and enhance the physical functionalities around the phase coexistence region. The construction of phase diagrams is important as they describe the material properties, which are linked to the underpinning physics determining the system. Here we present the phase diagram of (K0.5Na0.5NbO3)–(Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3) (KNN-BST) system as a function of composition and their associated physical properties. Lead-free (1 − x)KNN–xBST (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) solid solution ceramics were synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction technique. The X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic studies indicate composition-dependent structural phase transitions from an orthorhombic phase for x = 0 to orthorhombic + tetragonal dual-phase (for 0.025 ≤ x ≤ 0.15), then a tetragonal + cubic dual-phase (x = 0.2) and finally a cubic single phase for x ≥ 0.25 at room temperature (RT). Among these, the orthorhombic + tetragonal dual-phase system shows an enhanced value of the dielectric constant at room temperature. The phase transition temperatures, orthorhombic to tetragonal (TO-T) and tetragonal to cubic (TC), decrease with the increase in BST concentrations. The ferroelectric studies show a decrease of both 2Pr and EC values with a rise in BST concentration and x = 0.025 showed a maximum piezoelectric coefficient